AN ORDINANCE REGULATING THE USE OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SEWERS AND DRAINS, PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL, THE INSTALLATION AND CONNECTION OF BUILDING SEWERS AND THE DISCHARGE OF WATERS AND WASTES INTO THE PUBLIC SEWER SYSTEM(S): AND PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR VIOLATION THEREOF: IN THE TOWN OF BRADFORD, COUNTY OF ORANGE, STATE OF VERMONT.
The Bradford Water & Sewer Commissioners and the Bradford Selectboard hereby ordain:
ARTICLE 1
Definitions
Unless the context specifically indicates otherwise, the meaning of terms used in this Ordinance shall be as follows:
Sec. 1. “BOD” (denoting Biochemical Oxygen Demand) shall mean the quality of oxygen utilized in the biochemical oxidation of organic matter under standard laboratory procedure in five (5) days at 20ºC expressed in milligrams per liter.
Sec. 2. “Building Drain” shall mean that part of the lowest horizontal piping of a drainage system which receives the discharge from soil, waste, and other drainage pipes inside the walls of the building and conveys it to the building sewer, beginning five (5) feet (1.5 meters) outside the inner face of the building.
Sec. 3. “Building Sewer” shall mean the extension from the building drain to the public sewer or other place of disposal, including any portion thereof, within public rights-of-ways or easements, meaning in general the sewer line from the building to a collector or trunk sewer main.
Sec. 4. “Combined Sewer” shall mean a sewer receiving both surface runoff and sewage.
Sec. 5. “Garbage” shall mean solid wastes from the domestic and commercial preparation, cooking, and dispensing of food, and from the handling, storage and sale of produce.
Sec. 6. “Industrial Wastes” shall mean the liquid wastes from industrial manufacturing processes, trade or business as distinct from sanitary sewage.
Sec. 7. “Natural Outlet” shall mean any outlet into a watercourse, pond, ditch, lake or other body of surface or groundwater.
Sec. 8. “Person” shall mean any individual, firm, company, association, society, corporation or group.
Sec.9. “ph” shall mean the logarithm of the reciprocal of the weight of hydrogen ions in grams per liter of solution.
Sec. 10. “Properly Shredded Garbage” shall mean the wastes from the preparation, cooking and dispensing of food that have been shredded to such a degree that all particles will be carried freely under the flow conditions normally prevailing in public sewers, with no particle greater than one-half (1/2) inch (1.27 centimeters) in any dimension.
Sec. 11. “Public Sewer” shall mean a sewer in which all owners of abutting properties have equal rights, and is controlled by public authority.
Sec. 12. “Sanitary Sewer” shall mean a sewer which carries sewage and to which storm, surface and groundwaters are not intentionally admitted.
Sec. 13. “Sewage” shall mean a combination of the water-carried wastes from residences, business buildings, institutions and industrial establishments.
Sec. 14. “Sewage Treatment Plant” shall mean any arrangement of devices and structures used for treating sewage.
Sec. 15. “Sewage Works” shall mean all facilities for collecting, pumping, treating and disposing of sewage.
Sec. 16. “Sewer” shall mean a pipe or conduit for carrying sewage.
Sec. 17. “Shall” is mandatory; “May” is permissive.
Sec. 18. “Slug” shall mean any discharge of water, sewage or industrial waste which in concentration of any given constituent or in quantity of flow exceeds for any period of duration longer than fifteen (15) minutes more than five (5) times the average twenty-four (24) hour concentration or flows during normal operation.
Sec. 19. “Storm Drain” (sometimes termed “storm sewer”) shall mean a sewer which carries storm and surface waters and drainage, but excludes sewage and industrial wastes, other than unpolluted cooling water.
Sec. 20. “Board” or “Commission” or “Commissioners” shall mean the Board of Water & Sewer Commissioners of the Town of Bradford, or its authorized deputy, agent or representative.
Sec. 21. “Suspended Solids” shall mean solids that are in suspension in water, sewage or other liquids, and which are removable by laboratory filtering.
Sec. 22. “Watercourse” shall mean a channel in which a flow of water occurs, either continuously or intermittently.
Sec. 23. “Secretary” shall mean the Secretary of the Agency of Environmental Conservation, State of Vermont or his representative.
Sec. 24. “District” is the area being served by either public water or sewer.
ARTICLE II
Use of Public Sewers Required
Sec. 1. It shall be unlawful for any person to place deposit or permit to be deposited in any unsanitary manner on public or private property within the original sewer district of Bradford, or in any area under the jurisdiction of the said original sewer district, any human or animal excrement, garbage or other objectionable waste.
Sec. 2. It shall be unlawful to discharge to any natural outlet within the sewer district of Bradford, or in any area under the jurisdiction of said sewer district, any sewage or other polluted waters, except where suitable treatment has been provided in accordance with subsequent provisions of the Ordinance.
Sec. 3. Except as hereinafter provided, it shall be unlawful to construct or maintain any permanent privy, privy vault, septic tank, cesspool or other facility intended or used for the disposal of sewage without the written permission of the Commissioners.
Sec. 4. The owner of all new houses, buildings or other structures used for human occupancy, employment, recreation or business, situated within the original sewer district and abutting on any street, alley or right-of-way in which there is now located, or may in the future be located, a public sanitary sewer in the original sewer district, is hereby required, at his own expense, to connect all plumbing facilities, allowed by this Ordinance, directly with the proper public sewer in accordance with the provisions of this Ordinance within ninety (90) days after date of official notice to do so, unless specifically exempted from this provisions by the Commissioners, provided that said sewer is within (one hundred (100) feet (30.5 meters)) of the property line.
ARTICLE III
Private Sewage Disposal
Sec. 1. Where a public sanitary sewer is not available under the provisions of Article II, Section 4, the building sewer shall be connected to a private sewage disposal system complying with the provisions of this Article.
Sec. 2. Before commencement of construction of a private sewage disposal system the owner shall first obtain a written permit signed by the Water & Sewer Commissioners or their authorized representative. The application for such permit shall be made on a form furnished by the Commissioners, which the applicant shall supplement by any plans, specifications and other information as are deemed necessary by the Commissioners. A permit and inspection fee of $25.00 shall be paid to the Commissioners at the time the application is filed.
Sec. 3. A permit for a private sewage disposal system shall not become effective until the installation is complete to the satisfaction of the Water & Sewer Commissioners or their duly authorized agent. They shall be allowed to inspect the work at any stage of construction and, in any event, the applicant for the permit shall notify the Water & Sewer Commissioners when the work is ready for final inspection and before any underground portions are covered. The inspection shall be made within 48 hours of the receipt of notice by the Water & Sewer Commissioners, excluding Saturday, Sunday and Holidays.
Sec. 4. The type, capacities, location and layout of a private sewage disposal system shall comply with all the latest recommendations of the Agency of Environmental Conservation, Division of Environmental Engineering, of the State of Vermont. No septic tank or cesspool shall be permitted to discharge to any natural outlet.
Sec. 5. At such time as a public sewer becomes available to a property served by a private sewage disposal system, as provided in Article III, Section 4, a direct connection may be made to the public sewer in compliance with this Ordinance, and any septic tanks, cesspools and similar private sewage disposal facilities shall be abandoned and filled with suitable material.
Sec. 6. The owner shall operate and maintain the private sewage disposal facilities in a sanitary manner at all times, at no expense to the Water & Sewer Commission.
Sec. 7. No statement contained in this Article shall be construed to interfere with any additional requirements that may be imposed by the Health Officer.
Sec. 8. If your private system fails and you cannot comply with the current state regulations, the building sewer shall be connected to the public sewer system within ninety (90) days and the private sewage disposal system shall be cleaned of sludge and filled with clean bank-run gravel or dirt.
ARTICLE IV
Building Sewers and Connections
Sec. 1. No unauthorized person shall uncover, make any connections with or opening into, use, alter or disturb any public sewer or appurtenance thereof without first obtaining a written permit from the Water / Sewer Commissioners or their authorized representative. Any person proposing a new discharge into the system or a substantial change in the volume or character of pollutants that are being discharged into the system shall notify the Water / Sewer Commissioners at least forty-five (45) days prior to the proposed change or connection.
Sec. 2. There shall be two classes of building sewer permits: (a) for residential and commercial services, and (b) for service to establishments producing industrial waste. In either case, the owner or his agent shall make application on a special form furnished by the Water & Sewer Commission. The permit application shall be supplemented by any plans, specifications, or other information considered pertinent in the judgement of the Water / Sewer Commissioners.
A permit and inspection fee at the rate currently in effect shall be paid to the Water & Sewer Commission at the time the application is filed. This fee shall be reduced to five ($5.00) dollars in such cases where an adequate building sewer already exists from the trunk or collector sewer main to the property line.
Sec. 3. A connection fee shall be assessed to all residential, commercial and industrial uses prior to the connection on the public system. The connection fee shall be applied towards the funding of additional wastewater treatment capacity and/or capital improvements for the Bradford treatment plant.
A connection fee for residential users shall be the current fee schedule in effect at the time, per individual unit. As bond payments are made the connection fee can increase yearly so the fee is maintained at a level equal to an individual’s minimum share, or any other way as determined by the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission.
A connection fee for commercial or industrial users shall the current fee schedule in effect at the time, per individual unit. However, when a commercial or industrial user generates a flow or BOD loading greater than an average single-family unit in any one quarter as determined by the Commissioners, the connection fee shall be in proportion to their flow and the strength of their flow. When strength and flow exceed normal levels of domestic waste an additional charge for the determined by connection fee shall be the Commissioners as they see fit.
Sec. 4. All costs and expenses incident to the installation, connection, maintenance and repair of the building sewer shall be borne by the owner. The owner shall indemnify the Town from any loss or damage that may directly or indirectly be occasioned by the installation, connection, maintenance and repair of the building sewer.
Sec. 5. A separate and independent building sewer shall be provided for every building: except where one building stands at the rear of another or an interior lot and no private sewer is available or can be constructed to the rear building through an adjoining alley, court, yard or driveway, the building sewer from the front building may be extended to the rear building and the whole considered as one building sewer.
Sec. 6. Old building sewers may be used in connection with new buildings only when they are found, on examination and test by the Water / Sewer Commissioners, to meet all requirements of this Ordinance.
Sec. 7. The size, slope, location, alignment, materials of construction of a building sewer, and the methods to be used in excavating, placing of the pipe, jointing, testing and backfilling the trench, shall all conform to the requirements of the building and plumbing code or other applicable rules and regulations of the Town and shall also conform to the rules and requirements of the Water / Sewer Commissioners. In the absence of code provisions or in amplification thereof, the materials and procedures set forth in appropriate specifications of the A.S.T.M. and W.C.P.F. Manual of Practices No. 9 shall apply, and are hereby incorporated by reference.
Sec. 8. Whenever possible, the building sewer shall be brought to the building in an elevation below the basement floor. In all buildings in which any building drain is too low to permit gravity flow to the public sewer, sanitary sewage carried by such building drain shall be lifted by an approved means and discharged to the building sewer.
Sec. 9. No person shall make connections of roof downspouts, exterior and interior foundation drains, areaway drains or other sources of surface runoff or groundwater to a building sewer or building drain which in turn is connected directly or indirectly to a public sanitary sewer.
Sec. 10. The connection of the building sewer into the public sewer shall conform to the requirements of the building and plumbing code or other applicable rules and regulations of the Town, and shall also conform to the rules and requirements of the Water / Sewer Commissioners, or the procedures set forth in appropriate specifications of the A.S.T.M. and W.C.P.F. Manual of Practice No. 9. All such connections shall be made gas tight and watertight. Any deviation from the prescribed procedures and materials must be approved by the Water / Sewer Commissioners before installation.
Sec. 11. The applicant for the building sewer permit shall notify the Water / Sewer Commissioners or his authorized representative when the building sewer is ready for inspection and connection to the public sewer. The connection shall be made under the supervision of the Water / Sewer Commissioners or their representative.
Sec. 12. Any work not conforming to the provisions of Section 10 shall be removed at the cost of the property owner.
Sec. 13. All excavations for building sewer installation shall be adequately guarded with barricades and lights so as to protect the public from hazard. Streets, sidewalks, parkways and other public property disturbed in the course of the work shall be restored in a manner satisfactory to the Town.
ARTICLE V
Use of Public Sewers
Sec. 1. No person shall discharge or cause to be discharged any stormwater, surface water, groundwater, roof runoff, subsurface drainage, uncontaminated cooling water, or unpolluted industrial process waters to any sanitary sewer.
Sec. 2. Stormwater and all other unpolluted drainage shall be discharged to such sewers as are specifically designated as combined sewers or storm sewers, or to a natural outlet approved by the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission. Industrial cooling water or unpolluted process waters may be discharged, on approval of the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission to a storm sewer, combined sewer, or natural outlet.
Sec. 3. No person shall discharge or cause to be discharged any of the following described waters or wastes to any public sewers:
(a) Any gasoline, benzene, naphtha, fuel oil or other flammable or explosive liquid, solid or gas.
(b) Any waters or wastes containing toxic or poisonous solids, liquids or gasses in sufficient quantity, either singly or by interaction with other wastes, to injure or interfere with any sewage treatment process, constitute a hazard to humans or animals, create a public nuisance, or create any hazard in the receiving water of the sewage treatment plant.
(c) Any waters or wastes having a pH lower than 5.0 or having any other corrosive property capable of causing danger or hazard to structures, equipment an personnel of the sewerage works.
(d) Solid or viscous substances in quantities or of such size capable of causing obstruction to the flow in sewers, or other interferences with the proper operation of the sewerage works such as, but not limited to ashes, cinders, sand, mud, straw, shavings, metal, glass, rags, feathers, tar, plastics, wood, un-ground garbage, whole blood, paunch manure, hair and fleshings, entrails and paper dishes, cups, milk containers, etc., either whole or ground by garbage grinder.
Sec. 4. No person shall discharge or cause to be discharged the following described substances, materials, waters or wastes if it appears likely in the opinion of the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission that such wastes can harm either the sewers, sewage treatment process, or equipment, having an adverse effect on the receiving stream, or can otherwise endanger life, limb, public property, or constitute a nuisance. In forming their opinion as to the acceptability of these wastes, the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission will give consideration to such factors as the quantities of subject wastes in relation to flows and velocities in the sewers, materials of construction of the sewers, nature of the sewage treatment process, capacity of the sewage treatment plant, and prevailing state and federal regulations. The substances prohibited are:
(a) Any liquid or vapor having a temperature higher than one hundred fifty (150) ºF (65ºC).
(b) Any water or waste containing fats, wax, grease or oils, whether emulsified or not, in excess of one hundred (100) mg/l or containing substances which may solidify or become viscous at temperatures between thirty-two (32) and one hundred fifty (150) ºF (0 & 65ºC).
(c) Any garbage that has not been properly shredded. The installation and operation of any garbage grinder equipped with a motor of three-fourths (3/4) horsepower (0.76 hp metric) or greater shall be subject to the review and approval of the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission.
(d) Any waters or wastes containing a strong acid iron pickling wastes or concentrated plating solution whether neutralized or not.
(e) Any waters or wastes containing iron, chromium, copper, zinc, and similar objectionable or toxic substances; or wastes exerting any excessive chlorine requirement, to such degree that any such material received in the composite sewage at the sewage treatment works exceeds the limits established by the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission for such materials.
(f) Any waters or wastes containing phenols or other taste or odor producing substances, in such concentrations exceeding effluent standards which may be established by Bradford Water & Sewer Commission as necessary, after treatment of the composite sewage, to meet the requirements of the state, federal or other public agencies of jurisdiction for such discharge to the receiving waters.
(g) Any radioactive wastes or isotopes of such half-life, or concentration as may exceed limits established by the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission in compliance with applicable State or Federal regulations.
(h) Any waters or wastes having a pH in excess of 9.5.
(i) Materials which exert or cause:
(1) Unusual concentrations of inert suspended solids (such as, but not limited to, Fullers earth, lime slurries, and lime residues) or of dissolved solids, (such as but not limited to, sodium chloride and sodium sulfate).
(2) Excessive discoloration (such as, but not limited to, dye wastes and vegetable tanning solutions).
(3) Unusual BOD, chemical oxygen demand, or chlorine requirements in such quantities as to constitute a significant load on the sewage treatment works.
(4) Unusual volume of flow or concentration of wastes constituting “slugs” as defined herein.
(j) Water or wastes containing substances which are not amenable to treatment or reduction by the sewage treatment processes employed, or are amenable to treatment only to such degree that the sewage treatment plant effluent cannot meet the requirements of other agencies having jurisdiction over discharge to the receiving waters.
Sec. 5. If any waters or wastes are discharged, or are proposed to be discharged to the public sewers, which waters contain the substances or possess the characteristics enumerated in Section 4 of this Article, and which in the judgement of the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission may have a deleterious effect upon the sewerage works, processes, equipment or receiving waters, or which otherwise create a hazard to life or constitute a public nuisance, the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission may:
(a) Reject the wastes, (b) Require pretreatment to an acceptable condition for discharge to the public sewers, (c) Require control over the quantities and rates of discharge, and/or (d) Require payment to cover the added cost of handling and treating the wastes not covered by existing taxes or sewer charges under the provisions of Section 10 of this Article. If the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission permits the pretreatment or equalization of waste flows, the design and installation of plants and equipment shall be subject to the review and approval of the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission, and subject to the requirements of all applicable codes, ordinances, laws and the municipal discharge permit. Further, such pretreatment installations must be consistent with the requirements of any state pretreatment permit issued to the industry. Sec. 6. Grease, oil and sand interceptors shall be provided when, in the opinion of the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission, they are necessary for the proper handling of liquid wastes containing grease in excessive amounts, or any flammable wastes, sand or other harmful ingredients; except that such interceptors shall not be required for private living quarters of dwelling units. All interceptors shall be of a type and capacity approved by the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission, and shall be located as to be readily and easily accessible for cleaning and inspection. Sec. 7. Where preliminary treatment of flow-equalizing facilities are provided for any water or wastes, they shall be maintained continuously in satisfactory and effective operation by the owner at his expense. Sec. 8. When required by the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission, the owner of any property serviced by a building sewer carrying industrial wastes shall install a suitable control manhole together with such necessary meters and other appurtenances in the building sewer to facilitate observation, sampling and measurement of the wastes. Such manhole, when required, shall be accessibly and safely located, and shall be constructed in accordance with plans approved by the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission. The manhole shall be installed by the owner at his expense, and shall be maintained by him so as to be safe and accessible at all times. All industries discharging into a public sewer shall perform monitoring of their discharges as the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission and the State of Vermont may reasonably require, including installation, use, and maintenance of monitoring equipment, keeping records and reporting the results of such monitoring to the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission. Where industrial pretreatment permits are issued by the State of Vermont, monitoring records must also be submitted to the Secretary in accord with such permit. Records of any other monitoring will be supplied by the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission to the Secretary on request. Sec. 9. All measurements, tests and analyses of the characteristics of waters and wastes to which reference is made in this ordinance shall be determined in accordance with the latest edition of “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater”, published by the American Public Health Association, and shall be determined at the control manhole provided, or upon suitable samples taken at said control manhole. In the event that no special manhole has been required, the control manhole shall be considered to be the nearest downstream manhole in the public sewer to the point at which the building sewer is connected. Sampling shall be carried out by customarily accepted methods to reflect the effect of constituents upon the sewerage works and to determine the existence of hazards to life, limb and property. (The particular analyses involved will determine whether a twenty-four (24) hour composite of all outfalls of a premise is appropriate or whether a grab sample or samples should be taken.) Normally, but not always, BOD and suspended solids analyses are obtained from 24-hr. composites of all outfalls whereas pH’s are determined from periodic grab samples. All industries discharging into a public sewer shall perform such monitoring of their discharges as the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission and/or other duly authorized employees of the Town may reasonable require, including installation, use, and maintenance of monitoring equipment, keeping records and reporting the results of such monitoring to the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission. Such records shall be made available upon request by the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission to other Agencies having jurisdiction over discharges to the receiving waters. Sec. 10. That any industry held in violation of the provisions of this ordinance may have its disposal authorization terminated. Sec. 11. No statement contained in this Article shall be construed as preventing any special agreement or arrangement between the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission and any industrial concern whereby an industrial waste of unusual strength or character may be accepted by the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission for treatment, subject to payment therefore, by the industrial concern. ARTICLE VI Protection from Damage Sec. 1. No person shall maliciously, willfully, or negligently bread, damage, destroy, uncover, deface or tamper with any structure, appurtenance, or equipment which is a part of the sewage works. Any person violating this Article, on conviction thereof, shall be fined an amount not exceeding $100 for each violation. ARTICLE VII Powers and Authority of Inspectors Sec. 1. The Bradford Water & Sewer Commission and other duly authorized employees of the Town, bearing proper credentials and identification, shall be permitted to enter all properties for the purpose of inspection, observation, measurement, sampling and testing in accordance with the provisions of this Ordinance. The Bradford Water & Sewer Commission or their representatives shall have no authority to inquire into any processes including metallurgical, chemical, oil refining, ceramic, paper or other industries beyond that point having a direct bearing on the kind and source of discharge to the sewers or waterways or facilities for waste treatment. Sec. 2. The Bradford Water & Sewer Commission and other duly authorized employees of the Town, bearing proper credentials and identification, shall be permitted to enter all private properties through which the Town holds an easement for the purpose of, but not limited to, inspection, observation, measurement, sampling, repair and maintenance of any portion of the sewerage works lying within said easement. All entry and subsequent work, if any, on said easement, shall be done in full accordance with the terms of the easement pertaining to the private property involved. Sec. 3. While performing the necessary work on private properties referred to in Article VII, Section I above, the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission or duly authorized employees of the Town shall observe all safety rules applicable to the premises established by the company and, the company shall be held harmless for injury of death to the Town’s employees and the Town shall indemnify the company against loss or damage to its property by Town employees and against liability claims and demands for personal injury or property damage asserted against the company and growing out of the gauging and sampling operation, except as such may be caused by negligence or failure of the company to maintain safe conditions as required by Article V, Section 8. ARTICLE VIII Penalties Sec. 1. Any person found to be violating any provision of this Ordinance, except Article VI, shall be served by the Town and/or the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission with written notice stating the nature of the violation and providing a reasonable time limit for the satisfactory correcting thereof. The offender shall, within the period of time stated in such notice, permanently cease all violations. Sec. 2. Any person who shall continue any violation beyond the time limit provided for in Article VIII, Section 1, shall be guilty of misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof, shall be fined an amount not exceeding $100 dollars for each violation. Each day in which any such violation shall continue shall be deemed a separate offense. Sec. 3. Any person violating any of the provisions of this Ordinance shall become liable to the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission for any expense, loss, or damage occasioned by the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission by reason of such violation. ARTICLE IX Validity Sec. 1. All ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby repealed. Sec. 2. The validity of any section, clause, sentence or provision of this Ordinance shall not affect the validity of any other part of this Ordinance which can be given effect without such invalid part or parts. Sec. 3. These rules may be amended at any time by the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission as provided in Vermont Statutes Annotated, Title 24, Chapter 79 § 3611 and any amendments thereof. ARTICLE X Rates Sec. 1. The Bradford Water & Sewer Commission shall establish the user charge and industrial cost recovery system in accordance with appropriate Federal and State rules and regulations pertaining to the costs associated to the user of the sewer by an industry. Sec. 2. The Bradford Water & Sewer Commission shall establish the user charge system in accordance with appropriate Federal and State rules and regulations pertaining to the costs associated to the use of the sewer by a non-industrial user. Sec. 3. The Bradford Water & Sewer Commission shall, in establishing the rates referred to in Article X, Section I. and 2. above, make specific reference to the sewer use rate structure in force at the time of any connection. The sewer rate structure shall incorporate the requirements of 40 CFR § 35.935-13 and 10 V.S.A. Chapter 79. Sec. 4. All sewer assessment fees shall be based on water consumption as measured by individual water meter readings. The rate structure shall be reviewed annually and adjusted as necessary to assure adequate funds to meet Department obligations. Rate Structure for Operation and Maintenance: Shall be the current rate as established by the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission. Rate Structure for Bonded Indebtedness: Shall be the current rate as established by the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission. Sec. 5. Industrial Cost Recovery Structure (to be developed as required in the future). ARTICLE XI Ordinance in Force Sec. 1. This Ordinance shall be in full force and effect from and after its passage, approval, recording and publication as provided by law. Sec. 2. Passed and adopted by the Bradford Water & Sewer Commission of Bradford, State of Vermont on the date of May 22, 2007. s/s Robert W. Nutting s/s Robert Lefebvre s/s Robert Terrill s/s Lunnie Lang s/s Larry Drew Bradford Water & Sewer Commission Sec. 3. Passed and adopted by the Selectboard of Bradford, State of Vermont on the date of May 24, 2007. s/s Robert O. Miller s/s Thomas E. Unkles s/s Randy Moore s/s David R. Chipman s/s Daniel A. Perry III Selectboard of Bradford